Some have now been approved and are being used for mass immunization for the first time. Many teams are working on a COVID-19 vaccine using technologies that have been in development for decades but had never yet been approved for wide-scale human use, such as DNA, RNA and non-replicating viral-vector vaccines. "But the second one might be, for those that don't respond, right? So it's always good to have these backup vaccines as well or vaccines that can be used in parallel around the world." He noted that the "best" vaccine in the end may not be best for everybody. Stephen Barr is associate professor of microbiology and immunology who is part of a COVID-19 vaccine development team at Western University in London, Ont. Some vaccines may be more suitable for some populations than others, due to factors such as age or genetics.Some vaccines require more doses to be effective than others, while ease of manufacturing, testing and distribution varies. Different vaccines have different pros and cons.They'd be using different ingredients and manufacturing facilities and wouldn't be competing for resources - allowing for more vaccine production. ![]() In fact, multiple vaccines using different strategies have already been approved for emergency use around the world. But in this case, with so many different vaccines under development, there may still end up being multiple vaccines for the coronavirus, possibly using different strategies, Saxinger predicted. Most vaccine candidates that make it to preclinical testing never make it to market (about 94 per cent fail, a 2013 study found). With data from the World Health Organisation Multiple vaccines on the horizon? Canada's approvals of some vaccines under interim orders meant a mass immunization program could begin before full approval was granted. A vaccine may get emergency use authorization before receiving formal approval. It's up to each country's regulators to review trial results and approve a vaccine for use or not. (Russia later said the approval was a "conditional registration certificate" that requires additional clinical trials.) That’s why Russia drew fierce criticism when it announced in mid-August that it was granting regulatory approval to a vaccine developed by Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology after less than two months of human testing, with only two incomplete Phase 1 trials registered with the WHO. Still, officials, including the World Health Organization, have reassured the public that no steps will be skipped. And different phases of human trials are being run in an overlapping fashion instead of one at a time - for example, Phase 2 might begin just a few weeks after the start of a six-month Phase 1 trial. The first human vaccine trials began in March, just two months after the virus and disease were identified. The process has been fast-tracked for COVID-19. Typically, it takes an average of more than 10 years for a vaccine to get from pre-clinical development (including animal testing) through three phases of clinical (human) trials to market registration. How does a vaccine go from development to approval? Lynora Saxinger, an infectious disease specialist at the University of Alberta in Edmonton last spring.Įven in countries that have had a devastating number of deaths from COVID-19, there is nowhere close to a level of "herd immunity" within the population preventing the disease from spreading exponentially if we go back to normal levels of social interaction, she said. ![]() ![]() "It's a very fascinating and kind of impressive effort," said Dr. They're employing a huge variety of strategies and technologies, including some that have never been used in an approved vaccine before. More than 100 teams of scientists around the world have been working to develop and test a vaccine against the virus SARS-CoV-2 as quickly as possible. As of last fall, Canada had preordered hundreds of millions of doses of vaccines under development from several different manufacturers. ![]() Human trial results released this fall showed several vaccines to be highly effective at preventing COVID-19. The Health Canada approvals under interim orders were an important step to start a mass immunization program.Īn effective vaccine against the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 is everyone's hope for a real return to normal life. The Canadian government has given approval to Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna's COVID-19 vaccines. For information on how many people in Canada have been vaccinated, as well as the latest COVID-19 data visit cbc.ca/coronavirustracker.
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